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When the Holocaust came to Narvik

On 27 January marks the international Holocaust Memorial Day. The day when Soviet troops entered the concentration camp Auschwitz in Poland. Only then was a survey of the extent of Nazi atrocities, mainly directed at Jews. In this camp also had nine of the 15 Jews from Narvik died as part of the Holocaust.

Samuel Fischer from Narvik died only 35 years old in Auschwitz in 1943. Here photographed together with Inga Kristoffersen happy days will begin again.

measures against Holocaust denial

It was in 2006 the UN took the initiative to commemorate the selection that both would honor all victims of the Holocaust, and simultaneously strengthen the respect and dignity for the individual. Moreover, the UN would celebrate diversity, strengthen human rights and knock down the Holocaust-denial. The last was perhaps most important, when anti-Semitism water forward, hand in hand with other forms of discrimination.

; Norwegian war experiences

The Norwegian war experiences taught us the value of standing against the totalitarian regime and dictatorship, but also about how racial discrimination with under-and over-worked arrangement of races in all its horror. Up north we saw how the Yugoslav and Soviet prisoners of war were tortured to death, and only later we got to know about our own persecution of their stay in prison camps in Norway and the Continent.

Police officers will be removed

From Narvik was, for example, sent four police officers who did not let himself to subdue the Stutthof camp in Poland. One of the Narvik boys, Rolf Berg told the Forward in 1995 that young men in their prime had the opportunity to work themselves to death in the camps, while women, children and the elderly were considered unproductive, and gas to death. Despite the hardships they had not the same tough treatment as the worst delay. Berg was Norwegian and had ration and workload of different caliber than the Jews, Gypsies and other so-called "in person".

Caplan family's life

Merchant Jacob Caplan did not return to Narvik after the war. He was among the first arrested Jews in the north, when the family was emphasized by the noise outside the house in Upper Street Promenade 18 June 1941. At the megaphone shouting police that men had to get on the street, and then was deported Caplan south along with his father and four brothers, and several other Jews from the region, including Martin Fischer from Narvik. Life even in a German concentration camp, as it also went to Narvik Director Isac Pickelner.

Miracle for Sara, Sammy and Harry Caplan

But Caplan's wife, Sara, and sons, Sammy (Solomon) and Harry saved his life miraculously. They were arrested and sent to prison Bredtveit in Oslo in November 1942. In the chaos of a bomb attack on Bredtveit Sara got help to escape from a German officer. After a quick operation were the three on the road with trains to Sarah's native Copenhagen, where they went underground, before they fled in haste to hui to Sweden with a fishing boat in 1943. The Danish resistance movement was more active than the Norwegian in the rescue of Danish Jews, but then they had better conditions to get people to Sweden. Today Harry lives in the U.S..

family Fischer

Fischer family, were Jews established the firm "Narvik herreekvipering" when they came to town in the 1920s. The firm was in the King's gate 14 where the Post Office and police are today. Assault Day April 9th \u200b\u200b1940 family fled to Skjomen together with the Jewish family Caplan. There, they were surrendered to the Allies on June 10, but Abel Fischer and his uncle Samuel was convinced that Jews were unsafe times ahead. They therefore took Sweden to the same summer.

Jew arrest in Narvik

When on duty at Narvik Police arrived at work at 24.00 on October 25, 1942, low arrest warrant on the rest of the male Jews in Narvik on the desk. Oscar Emanuel Bernstein, David, Samuel and Wulf Fischer was arrested, and that no one should escape arrest may take place before six o'clock. They were only with underwear, socks, eating utensils, ration cards, toiletries and credentials. The indictment was signed by a central NS man in town, former secretary of the Nazi mayor, no police lieutenant.

David Fischer mistake

David Fischer had been together with Abel in Skellefteå, and after a time when he did the wrong grip that he went back to Narvik to help his brother with the business. Abel Fischer warned him, but his uncle was unwavering: "Had he listened to me, he might have lived for many years. Instead, he ended his life in Auschwitz three years later, "Abel explained 50 years later.

Many Jews were arrested

Jødearrestasjonane in Narvik as in the rest of the country happened quickly and without warning thanks be a loyal police forces and cooperation with local Nazi star. Abel Fischer was sore when he later heard that the arrest of his father Martin, mother Bertha, his siblings Wulf, Idar and Lilian, and uncles Samuel and David were carried out with support from the set varar and local Nazi star. With the arrests, people were known as the family long before the war. Another reason that few Jews released from it alive, was that they did not understood the danger of being arrested and deported. Father Abel did not believe such could happen in peaceful Norway. He died in gas chambers in Germany. All Jews were moreover identified, and was stamped "J" as the symbol of the Jew in the passport. With this passport had not they travel, and was effectively held in place. ;

Borch-Johnsen saves Oscar and Sara Bernstein

couple Oscar and Sara Bernstein was on the other hand using the resistance movement. When Oscar was to arrest, he was hospitalized at Narvik hospital with "stomach ulcer". How he avoided being established in the road with the other Jews. When he was arrested again, the hospital refused to write him out before he was healthy, and he was hospitalized for five months. His wife Sarah was arrested and sent to Bredtveit in November 1942, but because the German order said that women should not deportation transport from spouses, she was returned to Narvik. March 25, 1943, the couple again arrested for deportation. They were collected and taken to a pending boat in the harbor that would take four hours later. Oscar Bernstein asked to wait at the hospital until departure, and when transport was thwarted a week, came the order to imprison Bernstein. Consultant Borch-Johnsen had when obtaining a medical certificate, and Bernstein did not have to sit in detention. Then performed XU leader Borch-Johnsen several antics that Oscar and Sara Bernstein came by train to Sweden: First, he performed a medical "like surgery." Then helped him to escape with the train, where the locomotive driver Gustav Bengtzon hid the couple in kolkassen in the locomotive. From the locomotive, they were smuggled into an empty, sealed freight car on the mountain, and continue over the border.

Memory work is important

Today there is little left to remind us of the Jewish element in Narvik, and other northern Norwegian towns. This despite the fact that the region was also part of the extensive anti-Semitic Holocaust project. Therefore it is important and remember what happened here, because most of those who can tell if it was put to death. Only through such a working memory, we can take care of the UN's intentions about respect and dignity for the individual, celebrate diversity and strengthen human rights, and prevent the Holocaust-denial. That we owe Isac Pickelner, families Caplan, Bernstein and Fischer, and all the others who lost their lives or were marked as a result of Hitler's ideological terror regime.

Jews from Narvik, who died in Auschwitz in 1942-43

Fam. Name	To Name	Birthday	Occupation	Arrested	Deported	Skip	Death	Age
Pickelner	Isaac	1887	Director	06/18/1941	26.11.1942	Monte Rosa	J an 43	55
Caplan	Jacob	1903	Kjøpm.	06/18/1941	26.11.1942	Mon to Rosa	03/19/1943	39
Fischer	Bertha	1897	Husmor	26/11/1942	02/24/1943	Gotenland	03/03/1943	45
Fischer	David	1899	Bedrifts-eigar	26.10.1942	26.11.1942	Donau	1.12.1942	43
Fischer	Martin	1895	Kjøpm.	18.6.1941	26.11.1942	Monte Rosa	5.1.1943	47
Fischer	Samuel	1907	Bokf.	26.10.1942	26.11.1942	Donau	12/01/1943	35
Fischer	Wulf	1922	Bonde	26/10/1942	11/26/1942	Danube	01/03/1943	21
Fischer	Lilian	1928	Skole-excited	26.11.1942	02/24/1943	Gotenland	03/03/1943	14
Fischer	Idar	1931	School student	26.11.1942	24/02/1943	Gotenland	03/24/1943	11